Browsing by Author "Mendoza, Alejandro"

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A Methodology for Cleaner Production Implementation at a University Campus in Lima, Peru
(LACCEI, Inc., 2019-07) Nahui-Ortiz, Johnny; Mendoza, Alejandro; Sotelo-Valer, Freedy
The main objective of the current study is to propose a methodology for implementation of a Cleaner Production program at the campus of the National University of Engineering in Lima, Peru. Documentation review was carried out with regard to principles and applications of Cleaner Production, identifying strategies associated with its implementation in processes, products, and services. A university campus was characterized, being the target of the present study, as a mix of processes with entries, operations, and outputs related to the distinct schools and departments. Relevant usages and consumptions of electricity, fuels, water, and paper were identified among others. Also, guidelines for further recollection of quantitative data as well as the unit costs of their utilization were established. A methodology for implementation of a Cleaner Production program at a university campus was elaborated on the basis of five general steps: 1) Planning and Organization, 2) Diagnostic, 3) Feasibility Study, 4) Implementation and Monitoring, and 5) Continuous Improvement.
Analytical Model for Energy-Ecoefficiency based on Life Cycle Analysis
(LACCEI Inc., 2020-07) Nahui-Ortiz, Johnny; Camarena-Gamarra, Caroline; Mendoza, Alejandro
Ecoefficiency involves a number of possible strategies oriented to improve the use of resources in any organization. Potential improvements include products, processes, and services. There are different strategies oriented to improve ecoefficiency levels at organizations by optimizing the use of resources. Energy, by all means, plays a key role for ecoefficiency at all levels. Traditional cost-benefit analysis is based on simple payback or equivalent. Life Cycle Analysis makes an important contribution to cost-benefit analysis evaluation by incorporating aspects associated raw materials, production, distribution, end use, and disposal. Evaluation of potential savings attributed to ecoefficiency strategies may then be considered in a more sustainable framework incorporating aspects from an LCA perspective. For illustration purposes, a small manufacturing plant located in Lima, Peru is considered as a reference case. A typical measure associated with the use of a more efficient lighting system would save around 20% of total cost with a return on investment of about 2 years. The amount of electricity saved would also have impacts within an LCA approach, considering for instance the nature of the national electricity grid. Also, the lamp to be purchased for the more efficient lighting systems would also have impacts within an LCA approach, taking into account for instance the fabrication site of the lamp. By including an LCA approach into an energy-ecoefficiency management system, a more accurate payback calculation might be carried out.
Energy-Environmental Modelling of a PEM-Type Fuel Cell for Hydrogen Production
(LACCEI Inc., 2021-07) Nahui-Ortiz, Johnny; Mendoza, Alejandro; Quillos-Ruiz, Serapio A.; Escalante-Espinoza, Nelver
Hydrogen is being considered nowadays as a fuel for the future due to its multiple applications and also its potential contribution to carbon emission reduction. In this research, a preliminary energy-environmental modelling is carried out considering hydrogen production based on renewable energies and a PEM fuel cell for electricity production. In this case, hydrogen is produced by electrolysis using two 250-Wp solar photovoltaic system and a 400-W wind energy converter for combined electricity generation under local conditions. Carbon emission reduction is estimated considering a partial potential substitution of fossil fuels by green hydrogen and using an overall carbon dioxide factor for the national electric grid. Outcoming results show that 698.1 kWh/yr could be locally produced considering a solar radiation of 3825 Wh/m2-day. Also, 188.9 kWh/yr could be locally produced considering a mean wind speed of 3.1 m/s measured at 10 m height. Besides, 56.1 kWh is needed to obtain 1 kg of hydrogen through electrolysis using a PEM fuel cell. It is concluded that a combined daily solar-wind electricity production of 2.43 kWh could help to reduce 496 kgCO2/yr by partially substituting fossil fuels by green hydrogen. Last but not least, a demonstrative module has been set up, for educational purposes, at the Environmental Engineering Department located on the main campus of the National University of Engineering, in Lima-Peru.
Integrated Application of Cleaner Production on a University Campus
(LACCEI Inc., 2020-07) Nahui-Ortiz, Johnny; Camarena-Gamarra, Caroline; Mendoza, Alejandro
Cleaner production is gaining increased attention worldwide. The objective of the present work is the integrated application of cleaner production on a university campus. A university campus involves several activities including academic and administrative tasks that are carried out along the entire year. Opportunities for efficient use of energy, water, fuels, and other resources, are identified in order to establish the cost-benefit associated with its eventual implementation. Their feasibility evaluation should consider technological, economic, and environmental aspects involved in order to assess potential cost savings and the corresponding payback time. Potential impacts on utility bills can be rather significant and depend on the nature of the cleaner production strategy to be implemented, including best practices, replacement of current equipment and components with more efficient units, as well as adoption of best available technologies. Annual usage of energy, water, fuels, ink, and paper on a university campus was collected. It was found that total annual cost accounted for 1’471,863 US$. Potential annual cost savings were estimated as 267,304 US$. Implementation cost was estimated as 276,200 US$ with an overall payback time of 1.03 years. In addition to that, cleaner production measures for electricity and fuels would lead to a carbon dioxide emissions reduction of 57.27 tons/yr.
Sistematization of an Ecoefficiency Model Applied to a University Campus
(LACCEI Inc., 2021-07) Nahui-Ortiz, Johnny; Mendoza, Alejandro; Sotelo, Freedy; Aguinaga, Amado; Dávila, Fredy; Méndez, Oscar
According to recent regulations, public organizations are encouraged to report current levels of supplies consumption including fuels, water, electricity, paper and others. Nevertheless, one of the key barriers for increasing adoption of ecoefficiency and cleaner production programs is the lack of successful studies among local organizations. In the light of the above concern, systematization of best practices and most common retrofits could help accelerate the pace of implementing further concrete actions. The methodology that was carried out for the present work focuses on ecoefficiency in the public sector, local guidelines for ecoefficiency, most frequent ecoefficiency measures, and systematization for decision making purposes There are several ecoefficiency measures that have been frequently recommended for electricity, fuel, water, and office supply consumption optimization. A model is proposed in order capture interactions among ecoefficiency strategies, resources optimization, and feasibility for decision making purposes. It is concluded that an organization might be interested in implementing a recommended ecoefficiency strategy (best practice, retrofit, innovation) in order to achieve resource optimization (electricity, fuels, water, and office supplies) but feasibility will depend on several considerations (economic benefit, cost implementation, and payback period) for decision making purposes.