Browsing by Author "Almirón Baca, Jonathan"

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Evaluation of the physical-chemical degradation of biodegradable plastics sold in supermarkets.
(LACCEI Inc., 2021-07) Almirón Baca, Jonathan; Barrionuevo Castro, Yanina; Chavez Cruz, Belinda; Mamani Quispe, José; Ortiz Valdivia, Yosheff; Tupayachy Quispe, Danny
The present investigation proposed to evaluate the degradability of plastic materials declared publicly as biodegradable plastics. Its physical and mechanical properties were determined. Likewise, the materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Two plastics declared as biodegradable (TA and TB) and a conventional plastic such as Polyethylene (TC) were selected, which were subjected to different environments such as water, soil and weather, the study was carried out for a period of 4 months. It was determined that the biodegradable plastic TA presented a greater weight loss when subjected to soil and water, while TB and TC did not present significant changes in these media. The TB sample presented the greatest weight loss when exposed to the elements. When subjected to mechanical tests, it was observed that the TA samples showed a greater decrease in the properties of maximum resistance and deformation. This behavior was corroborated with SEM, where TA was the one that showed the most signs of degradation when exposed to different media, TB plastic, despite being sold as a biodegradable material, showed slight changes in its morphology like TC plastic. While the FTIR analysis revealed slight variations in their peaks and in the absorbances of the regions corresponding to the biodegradable molecules.
Obtención de películas biodegradables mediante la gestión de residuos orgánicos que contienen almidón y quitosano
(LACCEI Inc., 2020-07) Almirón Baca, Jonathan; Chavez Cruz, Belinda; Roudet, Francine
In this research work a biodegradable polymer is obtained from the mixture of potato starch with chitosan, obtained from the squid pen. The proportion of chitosan and starch was investigated by mixing different weight percentages of starch and chitosan, to determine the mechanical characteristics, such as the tensile and biodegradability test. Starch films and chitosan films were prepared to evaluate their mechanical properties separately from which a maximum result of 10.17 MPa for starch films and 46.766 MPa for chitosan films was obtained. While the starch-chitosan compound had a maximum resistance of 24.59 MPa. With these results we can indicate that starch improves the properties of chitosan films. The mechanical properties of the starch-chitosan compound is superior to that of some conventional plastics, such as in comparison to low density polyethylene having a resistance of 17.3 MPa.
Study of arsenic adsorption through the application of chitosan obtained from shrimp (Penaeus kerathurus)
(LACCEI Inc., 2021-07) Almirón Baca, Jonathan; Lopez Chavez, Marcela; Silva Vela, Alejandro; Huanca Zuñiga, Paul; Tupayachy Quispe, Danny
In the present investigation, the adsorption of arsenic in chitosan, which was obtained from the shrimp head, was evaluated. The optimal conditions (chitosan concentration, particle size, temperature and contact time) for the adsorption process of arsenic ions present in an artificial solution were determined, which allowed determining the arsenic concentration in different stages of chitosan adsorption, and in this way, it was possible to obtain the kinetic behavior of the arsenic adsorption process on the polymer under study. It was determined that chitosan is a good adsorbent for arsenic ions, obtaining an adsorption of 92.74%. The influence of the chitosan granulometry in the process was not significant since when working with 200 mesh a value of 92.74% of arsenic adsorption in chitosan was reported and without grinding the chitosan the result obtained was 87.46%. Regarding the working temperature, it can be determined that this does have a great influence on the adsorption process, it could be concluded that at a temperature of 20 ºC, better recovery ranges for arsenic ions were obtained, which was also determined in the reaction kinetics.
Use of spaces that were inhabited using sustainable strategies
(LACCEI Inc., 2021-07) Torres Almiron, Jeniffer; Tupayachy Quispe, Danny; Almirón Baca, Jonathan
Concern about the consequences that climate change has caused in recent years, has managed to manifest itself in environmental movements that seek to generate changes at all industrial levels to remedy the damage caused, but industries such as construction have also encountered social difficulties, such as the need to continue creating housing, although in many cities the lack of space for construction is becoming more and more evident. Thus, sustainable proposals arise such as the reuse of buildings in a state of abandonment, such as the Can Masdeu farmhouse, which is an old rural estate located in Barcelona that has a historic building that, despite being in for many years In disuse, in 2001 it was re-inhabited by activists in favor of environmental movements. In order to adapt the building to their needs, they made various modifications, which are sought to be studied in this research, as well as the way of life and organization that residents use to take advantage of the building. Due to the imminent change in user needs over the years, the internal move comes to light as one of the sustainable strategies for optimizing spaces within the building.